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Norepinephrine 1 Norepinephrine Norepinephrine[1] Identifiers CAS number (l) 51-41-2 (l) [2],• 138-65-8 [3](dl) ChemSpider 388394 [4] Properties Molecular formula C8H11NO3 Molar mass 169.18 g mol•1 Melting point L: 216.5†218 †C (decomp.) D/L: 191 †C (decomp.) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25•†C, 100•kPa) Infobox references Norepinephrine (INN) (abbreviated norepi or NE) or noradrenaline (BAN) (abbreviated NA or NAd) is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter.[5] As a stress hormone, norepinephrine affects parts of the brain where attention and responding actions are controlled. Along with epinephrine, norepinephrine also underlies the fight-or-flight response, directly increasing heart rate, triggering the release of glucose from energy stores, and increasing blood flow to skeletal muscle. Norepinephrine can also suppress neuroinflammation when released diffusely in the brain from the locus ceruleus.[6] When norepinephrine acts as a drug it increases blood pressure by increasing vascular tone through ‡-adrenergic receptor activation. The resulting increase in vascular resistance triggers a compensatory reflex that overcomes its direct stimulatory effects on the heart, called the baroreceptor reflex, which results in a drop in heart rate called reflex bradycardia. Norepinephrine is synthesized from dopamine by dopamine …-hydroxylase.[7] It is released from the adrenal medulla into the blood as a hormone, and is also a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and sympathetic nervous system where it is released from noradrenergic neurons. The actions of norepinephrine are carried out via the binding to adrenergic receptors.
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