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Pharmaceutical Press
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2019-02-10 17:22:24.246312
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333Physicochemicalpropertiesof drugs Ashasbeenstatedbefore,mostofthedrugsusedinmedicinebehavein solutionasweakacids,weakbases,orsometimesasbothweakacidsand weakbases.Inthischapterwewillexplorethereasonswhydrugsbehave asacidsorbasesandwhateffectsionisationhasonthepropertiesofthe drug,anddevelopstrategiestoseparatemixturesofdrugsonthebasisof changesintheirsolubilityinvarioussolvents. Themostimportantthingtorealiseaboutacidicandbasicdrugsisthat valuesof pKaand pKbquotedintheliteraturetellyou absolutelynothing aboutwhetherthedruginquestionisanacidorabase.The pKaand pKbvaluesgiveinformationaboutthestrengthofacidsandbases;theytellyou thepHatwhich50%ofthedrugisionised,buttheydonottellyouwhether adrugbehavesasanacidorabaseinsolution.Amines,forexample,are basicandhave pKavaluesofapproximately9,whilephenolsareacidicand typicallyhave pKavaluesofaround10. Theonlysurewaytoknowwhether adrugisacidicorbasicistolearnthefunctionalgroupsthatconferacidity andbasicityonamolecule .Thisshouldbedoneevenifitmeanslearningthe namesofthefunctionalgroupsthewayyoulearnedmultiplicationtablesat primaryschool.Thereareonlyafewtolearnandtheimportantexamples arelistedbelowalongwithsomecommondrugs. Carboxylicacids AccordingtotheBrønstedŒLowrydenition,anacidisasubstancethat ionisestodonateprotonstoitssurroundings.Inaqueoussolutionthisis representedas HA CH2OH3OCCA(3.1) whereHAistheacid;wateracceptstheprotonandactsasabase; H3OCis asolvatedproton,sometimescalledtheconjugateacidofthebase;and Aistheanionoftheacid.Theequilibriumconstantforthisreactionisthe Samplechapterfrom EssentialsofPharmaceuticalChemistry
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