The number of pages within the document is: 12
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Jeremy Travis, Elizabeth Cincotta McBride, Amy L. Solomon
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2019-02-09 17:39:42.155954
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ith incarceration rates in America at record high levels,the criminal justice system now touches the lives ofmillions of children each year.The imprisonment ofnearly three-quarters ofa million parents disrupts parent-child relationships,alters the networks offamilial support,and places new burdens on governmen- tal services such as schools,foster care,adoption agencies,and youth- serving organizations.Few studies have explored the impact ofparental incarceration on young children or identified the needs that arise from such circumstances.Little attention has focused on how communities,social service agencies,health care providers,and the criminal justice system can work collaboratively to better meet the needs ofthe families left behind.This policy briefis intended to help focus attention on these hidden costs ofour criminal justice policies. PRISONERS AS PARENTS More than halfofthe 1.4 million adults incarcerated in state and federal prisons are parents of minor children. 1The vast majority ofincarcerated parents are male (93%) and are held in state prisons (89%).Among the men held in state prison,55 percent report having minor children. Among the women,who account for 6 percent ofthe state prison population,65 percent report having minor children.Over half(58%) ofthe minor children ofincarcerated parents are less than 10 years old (see figure 1). 2Great distances typically separate children from their incarcerated parents.Women are housed in prisons an average of160 miles from their children,while men are an average distance of100 miles away. 3These distances serve as a barrier to prison visits by family members.More than halfofincarcerated parents report never receiving a personal visit from their children. 4Contact in the form ofphone calls and letters often proves problematic as well.The number ofcalls or letters per prisoner is typically limited by corrections policy.The high cost ofcollect phone calls, reflecting surcharges imposed by telephone companies or the departments themselves,can make this form ofcontact quite expensive.Despite these barriers,nearly 60 percent ofmothers and 40 percent offathers report having weekly contact with their children while incarcerated. The majority ofparents are serving time for either violent offenses (46% offathers and 26% of mothers) or drug offenses (23% offathers and 35% ofmothers).Incarcerated parents in state prison are sentenced to a mean term of80 months for their current offense. 5More than three- quarters ofincarcerated parents in state prison report a conviction prior to the one for which they are serving their sentence.More than halfhad previously been incarcerated. 6This profile demonstrates that many parents have repeated exposure to the criminal justice system,which could disrupt familial relationships.Both children and parents might have to deal with issues FAMILIES LEFT BEHIND: THE HIDDEN COSTS OF INCARCERATION AND REENTRY JUSTICE POLICY CENTERURBANINSTITUTEOCTOBER 2003REVISED JUNE 2005JEREMY TRAVIS ELIZABETH CINCOTTA MCBRIDE AMY L. SOLOMONwCPR03 0105
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