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medford district ashland resource area csnm
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Livestock on the Cascade-Siskiyou Nati onal Monument: A Summary of Stocking Rates, Utilization, and Management Paul E. Hosten1, Henry Whitridge, Dulcey Schuster, and John Alexander Abstract This paper describes range management rela ted practices to provi de a historic and landscape context for studies examining th e influence of lives tock on objects of biological interest within the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument. Historic records show livestock numbers increased rapi dly following initial settlement by Euro- Americans. Anecdotal data sugge sts that stocking rates early in the last century were greater than current stocking rates by at leas t an order of magnitude . Historic unregulated season-long use of the uplands during the spring, summer and fall resulted in severe environmental degradation. Disagreements betw een livestock operators and the desire of agency personnel to improve the condition of the range led to large-scale fencing and concomitant water development projects. Such projects contributed to improved livestock control in riparian areas, a retardation of livestock moveme nt to higher elevations, and improved livestock dispersion in the absence of herding. Observation of livestock use on upland shrubs and winter deer dieback resulted in exclusion studies culminating in more precise timing of livestock use to preserve the browse resource for native ungulates at lower elevations. While livestock use of shrubs at lower elevations has been reduced, use of upland shrubs at the end of the grazing season continues in moderate to high use areas accessible to livestock. Large-scale patterns of livestock use are associated with environmental factors such as elevation, soil texture, and management factors such as distance from water-source, distance from ro ads, and past vegetation manipulations. Activities associated with livestock mana gement include: road construction, aerial fertilization, herbicide application, seed application, de velopment of water-sources, vegetation manipulation (scar ification), and prescribed fire. At the time of 1 Suggested citation: Hosten, P. E., H. Wh itridge, D. Schuster, and J. Alexander. 2007. Livestock on the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument: A Summary of Stocking Rates, Utilization, and Management. U.S. Departme nt of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Medford District. soda.sou.edu/bioregion.html 1
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