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Coll.Antropol. 30(2006)4:713–718 Originalscientificpaper AVeil( hijab)asaPublicSymbolofaMuslim WomanModernIdentity TarikKulenovi} InstituteforAnthropologicalResearch,Zagreb,Croatia ABSTRACTInthisarticletheauthorexplainsthesocialroleofMuslimwomaninapostmodernsocietythroughapublicsymbolof heridentity–theveil.Thearticle’sthesisisthattheMuslimwomen’smanifestationoftheirIslamicdenominationthrough veilingandwearingappropriateclothes(inthecaseofmenthroughgrowingbeardsandwearingclothesconsideredappro -priateforthem)signifiesanexpressionofanew,Islamicshapedidentity.Thisisapostmodernidentitybasedonmodernity ratherthanafundamentalreactiontomodernity.Theveil,apublicsymbolofMuslimidentity,isoftengivenadifferent meaningbyitsobserversthanthepersonactuallywearingit.Therefore,theintentionofthisarticleistoanalyzetheele -mentsofaparticular,postmodernidentitythataMuslimwoman’sveil,asapublicsymbol,represents. Keywords: Islam,woman,feminism,tradition,identity IntroductionEl-DinalHilali,thechiefmuftiofAustralia,became theobjectofpubliccriticismwhenhesaidthat womenthatgouncoveredaremuchlikeexposedmeatthatat- tractssexualpredators .Thestatementbroughtdownon himwomen’sfurythroughoutAustraliaanditresulted incallsforresignationoftheleadingAustralianMuslim cleric.Hasthemufti,astheofficialrepresentativeofthe AustralianMuslimcommunity,slippedhistongueorhas heexpressedtheopinionoftheMuslimmajority?Isthis amisunderstandingordeeplyrooteddifferencethatmak -esMuslimsdifferentfromtherestofthecitizensofto -day’sglobalworld?DothesedifferencesmakeMuslims incapableofparticipatinginthismodernworldordowe justnotunderstandwhatmessagetheMuslimswantto sendtotheworld,eventhroughtheAustralianmufti? Itisaboutcoveringwomen.Thiscasehasreminded usofthediscussioninEuropean,AmericanandMuslim publicabouttherightorprohibitionofwearingtheveil asareligioussymbol.Wherearethebordersbetween freedom,moralityandinstitutionalcoercion? Theveil,asademarcationlinebetweentheopposing sides,isthecoreofdisagreementbetweensociallyac -ceptablebehaviorandsociallyunacceptablebehavior,be -tweenourperceptionofwhatisadvancedandwhatis backward.Veil( hijab)isacoverforhead.Itiswomen’sequivalent tomen’shat,bywhichwomencoverthemselves,theirhair, faceandneck.Inamodernsociety,coveringtheheadis usuallyacustomrelatedtocivilservants(soldiers,police officers,nurses,nuns)traditionalsociety,ruralback- ground,lowereducationandolderage.Inamodernsociety, theveil,asasymbolofdistinction,wornwithbigsun -glasses,waspromotedbygrandmoviestarslikeGrace KellyandSophiaLoren.Yet,inthesamemodernsociety, theveilisstillperceivedasasymbolthatimpliessomething old,traditional,historical,religious,rural,andbackward. Therefore,itisundoubtedlysurprisingtoseehow youngwomenvoluntarilyaccepttheveilasasymbolof particularidentityinmodernsocietieslikethoseofUSA andEU.Itisratherconfusingwhenyoung,urbanand highlyeducatedMuslimwomenwearsuchathing.Itbe -comesevenmoreconfusingwhenwerealizethatthese womenwereinfactbornandeducatedinthosecoun -tries,speakthelanguage,participateinlocalcultureand havethecitizenship.Intheeyesofacontemporarywest -ernobserversuchastatusisconsideredtobehigherthan theseMuslimwomenwouldhaveintheirownMuslim societies.Fromhisperspective,wearingaveilsymbolizes apositionofwomen,whichisassociatedwithtermslike backward,closed,oppressed,hindered,etc. 713ReceivedforpublicationNovember16,2006 U:\coll-antropolo\coll-antro-4-2006\kulenovic.vp6. prosinac 2006 12:03:13Color profile: DisabledComposite 150 lpi at 45 degrees
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