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Hans Hedrich
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General Mice are the most widely used animals for a range of experiments including medical, chemical, pharmaco- logical, toxicological, biological, and genetic. The administration of test substances, such as chemical ele- ments, compounds, drugs, antibodies, cells or other agents, to mice is one of the major methods for evalu- ating their biological activity. The route of administration is largely dependent on the property of the test substance and the objective of the experiment. All administration should be performed with knowledge of the chemical and physical characteris- tics of the substance. All routes have both demerit and merit, such as the absorption, bioavailability and metab- olism of the substance. Consideration should be paid to the pH, viscosity, concentration, sterility, pyrogenicity, toxicity as well as the existence of hazardous substances. A knowledge of available methods and techniques of administration as well as knowledge of the deposition and fate of the administered substance will help the scien- tist/investigator to selectthe most appropriate route for her/his purpose. This route must be selected before the start of any experiment (Nebendahl, 2000). Proper restraint is the most important technique when mice were treated as this decreases stress and increases successful treatment. Personnel using experi- mental animals should be well trained in handling and restraint, should obtain authentication for responsible use of experimental animals and attain a scientifically high standard (ETS 123, 1986; Nebendahl, 2000). Further experience will lead to repeatable and reliable results (see Chapter 31 on Handling and Restraint). During administration mice should be protected from pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm or at least pain and distress shall be kept to a minimum (ETS 123, 1986). Some injections (such as footpad injec- tion) are strongly discouraged and if required must be justified on a case by case basis (CCAC, 2002). Principles of administration Handling and restraint Good handling and restraint is the most important technique for correct administration. Proper restrain- ing leads to successful administration and varies with the routes of administration. Disposable gloves must be worn as manual restraint is frequently used for injections. 527PROCEDURESROUTESOF ADMINISTRATION 32CHAPTERRoutes of Administration Shinya Shimizu National Institute of Animal Health,Tsukuba,Japan The Laboratory Mouse Copyright 2004 Elsevier ISBN 0-1233-6425-6All rights of production in any form reserved
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