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Michael Lo Sasso
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2019-02-18 12:52:06.339115
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Diagnosing and Preventing Herbicide Injury to Trees Bruce R. Fraedrich, Ph. D., Plant Pathologist Herbicides have become an integral part of landscape maintenance because chemical weed control often is more economical and efficient than hand or mechanical cultivation. Chemical weed control also is a primary method of vegetation management in industrial areas, utility rights-of-way, along highways and other non-cropland areas. This increased dependence on herbicides in landscape maintenance has caused concern and confusion among arborists regarding the effects of herbicides on non-target woody plants. Much of this confusion stems from the multitude of herbicides, formulations and products presently on the market. Herbicide injury also is difficult to diagnose based on symptoms alone because other environmental or cultural adversities, as well as infectious diseases and insects, can produce similar symptoms. Detection of herbicide residues by chemical analysis is expensive and often unfeasible. This report presents a listing of herbicides frequently used in the landscape and their potential toxicity (or lack thereof) to woody plants. A description of herbicide injury symptoms is presented along with suggestions to aid diagnosis and recommendations for remedial treatment of herbicide-injured plants. TYPES OF HERBICIDES Pre-Emergence Herbicides For Turf – This group of herbicides is widely used in lawns to prevent growth of annual grasses, such as crabgrasses and certai n annual broadleaf weeds. The principal herbicides included in this group are: DCPA (Dacthal), benslide (Betasan), siduron (Tupesan) and benefin (Balan) . These herbicides also are mixed with fertilizers to form the so-called “weed and feed” products for turf. Since pre-emergence herbicides for turf have little or no root activity, they are not phytotoxic to woody plants when properly applied. Pre-Emergence Herbicides For Landscape Plantings – The following herbicides are registered for pre-emergent control of annual weeds around woody ornamentals in the landscape and in commercial nurseries: Chloramben (Ornamental Weedar) oxyzalin (Surflan) dichlobenil (Casoron) pronamide (Kerb) diphenamide (Enide) simazine (Prenceep) (low rates) napropamide (Devrionol) trifluralin (Treflan) oxadizon (Ronstar) The herbicides generally are not absorbed by roots of woody plants and are safe around most species. Exceptions exist and labels of specific
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