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Walt Kester
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Rev.0, 01/09, WK Page 1 of 16 MT-095TUTORIAL EMI, RFI, and Shielding Concepts INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) Analog circuit performance is often affected a dversely by high frequency signals from nearby electrical activity. And, equipmen t containing your analog circuitry may also adversely affect systems external to it. Reference 1 (page 4) defines electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) based on the IEC-60050 definition: EMC is the ability of a device, unit of equipment, or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment. The term EMC therefore has two aspects: 1. It describes the ability of electrical and electronic systems to operate without interfering with other systems. 2. It also describes the ability of such systems to operate as intended within a specified electromagnetic environment. So, complete EMC assurance would indicate that the equipment under design should neither produce spurious signals, nor should it be vulnerable to out-of-band external signals (i.e., those outside its intended frequency range). It is the latter class of EMC problem to which analog equipment most often falls prey. And, it is the gracef ul handling of these spur ious signals that are emphasized within this section. The externally produced electrical activity may generate noise, and is referred to either as electromagnetic interference (EMI), or radio frequency interference (RFI). In this section, we will refer to EMI in terms of both electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. One of the more challenging tasks of the analog designer is the control of equipment against undesired operation due to EMI. It is important to note that in this context, EMI and or RFI is almost always detrimental . Once given entrance into your equipment, it can and will degrade its operation, quite often considerably. This section is oriented heavily towards minimizing undesirable analog ci rcuit operation due to the receipt of EMI/RFI. Misbehavior of this so rt is also known as EMI or RFI susceptibility, indicating a tendency towards anomalous equipmen t behavior when exposed to EMI/RFI. There is of course a complementary EMC issue, namely with regard to spurious emissions. However, since analog circuits typically involve fewer pulsed, high speed, high current signal edges that give rise to such spurious signals (compared to high speed logic, for example), this aspect of EMC isn’t as heavily treated here. Nevertheless, the reader should bear in mind that it can be important, particularly if the an alog circuitry is part of a mixed-signal environment along with high speed logic.
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