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76 Part 3 Investigation of Death
Section 301 The Roles of Police Officers and Coroners
Section 301The Roles of Police Officers and CoronersSection 301.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………..63
Section 301.2 Search, Collection, Preservation and Processing of Evidence…………………………………………….
……..64
Section 301.3 The Importance of Physical Evidence………………………………………………………………….
…………………64
Section 301.4 Physical Evidence Cannot Generally Be Retracted……………………………………………………….
………….64
Section 301.5 Physical Evidence Is Not Subject to Subjective Analysis………………………………………………..
………..64
Section 301.6 Physical Evidence Can Often Be Linked to a Specific Person or
Event Through Scientific Analysis………………………………………………………………………………….
….64
Section 301.7 Physical Evidence Does Not Fall under the Fifth Amendment’s Protection
Against Self-incrimination Clause………………………………………………………………………………….
…..65
Section 301.8 Physical Evidence and the Courts……………………………………………………………………..
……………………65
Section 301.9 Case Resolution…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………….65
Section 301.10 Fewer Plea Bargains………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………65
Section 301.11 More Appropriate Sentences…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………….65
Section 301.12 Obstacles to Use of Physical Evidence in Court………………………………………………………..
……………65
Section 301.13 The First Responder ……………………………………………………………………………….
………………………….66
Section 301.14 Three Basic Methods of Determining Death……………………………………………………………..
……………67
Section 301.1
Introduction
The roles of law enforcement officers and coroners are slightly different at a death scene. Law enforcement
officers are concerned with whether a crime has occurred. They approach each unknown death scene with the
idea that a crime has occurred and they work backward from that premise. Once they have established that
a crime has not occurred, their mission has been fulfilled.
The role of the coroner is broader in nature. The coroner is concerned with establishing the manner and
cause of death in all unknown-cause deaths. The importance of the coroner™s investigation is not diminished
if a crime has not occurred. The difference between a suicide and an accident can often be very important to
the victim’s family. Many insurance policies will not pay off on a suicide. Also, some life insurance policies
pay double or triple the value of the life insurance policy if the insured’s death is ruled an accident. Thus, the
coroner’s role is more extensive than that of law enforcement officers.
There are two major considerations for coroners in their relationship to law enforcement personnel and
agencies: cooperation and independence.
Cooperation
between the coroner and law enforcement personnel
will be mutually beneficial. The coroner will benefit from the experience, expertise and resources provided
by law enforcement officers. Law enforcement personnel will benefit from the coroner’s experience and
expertise in establishing manner and cause of death.
Cooperative relationships seldom develop spontaneously. All parties need to work to build productive
working relationships. While partnerships inspire cooperation, hierarchical relationships can limit the flow of
information. Law enforcement officers often arrive at death scenes long before coroners can free themselves
from other duties and obligations. The frustrations of those waiting to move forward and those caught in the
frenzy of clearing their schedule can easily be misinterpreted. Unless everyone appreciates the demands placed
on all parties, the working environment can be poisoned. Team building requires constant work.
Once the coroner has ruled the death was not the result of a criminal act, law enforcement personnel can
be released from the scene. However, most agency personnel will remain on the scene as long as they can be
of assistance to the coroner.
Independence
is perhaps the
key element in the coroner/law enforcement relationship. The coroner and
the law enforcement personnel at the scene should pursue their investigation in a cooperative manner. The
search, collection and packaging of evidence, and documenting the scene should be done together. However,
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