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TheABCsofSoilNailing:anIntegrated
TutorialandKnowledge-basedApproach
toTeachingDesign*
S.SADEK
AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,AmericanUniversityofBeirut,
BlissStreetP.O.Box:11-0236,Beirut,Lebanon.E-mail:salah@aub.edu.lb
M.El-KHOURY
GraduateStudent,DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,
Berkeley,USA.
Soilnailingisanearthstabilizationmethodthatcombinesin-situreinforcementsandaflexible
facingtosupportexistingnaturalslopesandhillsidecutsorexcavations.Sinceitsinceptioninthe
early1970’ssoilnailinghasproventobeasuccessfulandreliableshoringapproachwhenproper
designguidelinesandconstructionmethodsareapplied.Giventhehighlyempiricalnatureof
availabledesignapproaches,afundamentalunderstandingofthebehaviorofsoil-nailedwallsis
criticaltoasafeandsatisfactoryoutcome.Inthisrespectcasestudiesofsuccessesandfailuresand
establishedcodesofpracticeareveryimportantteachingandtrainingresources.Thispaper
describesanintegratedapproachforteachingengineeringdesign.Theapproachwasdevelopedfor
thecaseofsoil-nailedwallsbutcouldbeappliedinothersimilarengineeringdesigncontexts.The
approachcomprisesacomputer-basedtutorialcombinedwithanautomatedknowledgebase
developedtoassistinformulatingdesigndecisions.Thestudentsareintroducedtothebasic
principlesthroughaninteractivetutorialmoduleandguidedthroughthedesignprocessbythe
automatedtoolwhichisbasedontheCLOUTERREandFHWAGuidelines.
INTRODUCTION
THERELIANCEoncomputer-centeredteaching
inengineeringdesigncoursesisnotaspervasiveas
thenow-regularuseinbasicdidacticeducation.
Thatisparticularlytrueinthefieldofgeotechnical
engineering,wheremostdesignmethodologiesare
rootedinempiricalapproaches.Ourearlier
attemptsattheAmericanUniversityofBeirut
haveconcentratedondevelopingandusinga
SoilandSiteImprovementGuide
whichhasprovento
beaveryusefulandeffectiveteachingtool[1].We
havesinceexploredthepossibilityofexpanding
suchtoolsandeducationalmethodsintomore
specializedandcomplexgeotechnicalapplications.
Inthisrespect,computer-aidedapproachesfor
teachingdesignofferanumberofadvantages
thattraditionalengineeringreferencesdonot:
.interactionbetweenmaterialandlearner;
.integrationoftext,imageandsoundtoconvey
theinformationinauserfriendlyenvironment;
.allowingthestudenttolearnandhaveaccessto
thebasicsattheirownpace;etc.
Buildingontheencouragingresponsetothe
Soiland
SiteImprovementGuide
byfacultyandstudentsthe
ABCsofSoilNailing
wasdesignedanddeveloped
toenhancetheexperienceofteachingandlearning
theengineeringdesignofcomplexearthsupport
systems.Thesupportofnaturalslopesandengineered
excavatedcutsbysoilnailinghasproventobea
successfulandeconomicaltechniqueformorethan
fifteenyears.However,muchremainstobedone
toaddressunansweredquestionswhichmaybe
tracedtoalackofunderstandingofthecomplex
interactionswithinthesystem[2].
TheABCsofSoil
Nailingintroducedhereinaimstoprovideatool
whichwouldenhancethelearningprocessleading
toathoroughunderstandingofsoilnailingfunda-
mentalsforstudentstypicallyintheirsenioryear
orearlyintheirgraduatestudies.Inadditionto
workingasaninteractivetutorial,thetoolitself
integratestheavailablecodesofpracticeintoan
automateddesignknowledgebase.
Thispaperpresentstheprocessofdevelopment
anddesignwhichresultedinthe
ABCsofSoil
Nailing.Anexampleapplicationisincluded
alongwiththeresultsofstudentfeedbackranging
acrossanumberofclassesandbackgrounds.In
essence,theprocessbeginswithaninteractive
tutorialframeworkwhichintroducestheuserto
thebasicsofslopestabilizationusingsoilnailingas
wellasrelatedfundamentaldesignconceptsand
parameters.Thisphaseisfollowedbyanaddi-
tionallevelwhichallowstheusertoautomatically
obtainapreliminarydesignusingcoderequire-
mentsandguidelinesbasedontheexistingstateof
*Accepted7May2005.
993Int.J.EngngEd.
Vol.21,No.5,pp.993±1002,2005
0949-149X/91$3.00+0.00
PrintedinGreatBritain.
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